C, C++, Python, Perl, Ruby, didn't have "millions of dollars in advertising", and yet.
Java and C# are the only one's that fit this. Go and Rust had some publicity from being associated with Google and Mozilla, but they both caught on without "millions of dollars in advertising" too. Endorsement by big companies like MS came much later for Rust, and Google only started devoting some PR to Go after several years of it already catching momentum.
I don't know about the others but C and C++ certainly did. They had a number of commercial compiler vendors advertising them in the 80s and 90s when they established themselves.
Java and C# are the only one's that fit this. Go and Rust had some publicity from being associated with Google and Mozilla, but they both caught on without "millions of dollars in advertising" too. Endorsement by big companies like MS came much later for Rust, and Google only started devoting some PR to Go after several years of it already catching momentum.